Video tape recorder with guide drum on side of cartridge

ABSTRACT

A video tape recorder of a type wherein a portion of the video tape exposed to the outside of a video cartridge through a cutout in the cartridge is drawn out of the cartridge and in a direction laterally of the cartridge towards a guide cylinder assembly for turning it therearound through a predetermined angle. The recorder comprises a pair of tape guides which are situated within the cutout in the cartridge when and so long as the tape is not loaded and which, when the tape is loaded, is operable to draw that portion of the video tape in said direction laterally of the cartridge and turn it around the guide cylinder assembly through the predetermined angle.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 388,635 filed June 15,1982 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,583,136.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to a video tape recording and/orreproducing apparatus, or a video tape recorder, of a type utilizing avideo tape cassette or cartridge.

A majority of currently commercially available video tape recorders areso designed that a video cartridge can be set in position in therecorder by horizontally inserting the video cartridge into a cartridgeholder at the top of the cabinet and then allowing it to beautomatically lowered to a play position. This is because it has longbeen considered ideal that the cartridge having a portion of the videotape exposed to the outside through a cutout area in the cartridgeshould, when placed at the play position, occupy a position with thatexposed portion of the video tape facing a guide cylinder assembly inview of the necessity of a loading procedure in which that exposedportion of the video tape is drawn out of the cartridge and then turnedthrough a predetermined angle around the guide cylinder assembly.

On the other hand, a majority of commercially available audio tape decksare so designed that an audio tape cassette can be set in position inthe tape deck by generally vertically inserting it into a cassetteholder located on the front of the cabinet and on one side laterally ofcontrol and adjustment knobs. This arrangement is advantageous in thatthe top of the cabinet of any of these audio tape decks is available forplacement of any other articles thereon and in that the deck can beplaced in a rack in which the height of a space between one shelf toanother is limited. It has long been desired that even the video taperecorder can offer similar advantages.

However, where the video cartridge holder in the video tape recorder isto be arranged in a manner similar to the cassette holder in the abovedescribed audio tape deck, the loading procedure will become complicatedand difficult to perform because that exposed portion of the video tapemust be drawn out of the cartridge in a direction generally laterally ofthe cartridge prior to being turned around the guide cylinder assemblylocated on one side laterally of the cartridge holder.

Accordingly, the present invention has been developed to provide animproved video tape recorder of a type having a cartridge holderarranged in a manner similar to the cassette holder in the conventionalaudio tape deck of the above described type, wherein the loadingprocedure can easily and smoothly be performed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a video tape recorder of a typewherein that exposed portion of the tape inside the video cartridge isdrawn in one direction out of the cartridge through the cutout area andthen pulled in a direction laterally of or perpendicular to said onedirection by a pair of tape guide means so as to turn it around theguide cylinder assembly by means of a so-called M-loading method to forma generally M-shaped path for the travel of the video tape, whereby therequired length of the path for the travel of the video tape can bereduced to as small a value as possible with the loading proceduresimplified. In addition, since the formation of the generally M-shapedpath for the travel of the video tape is effective to eliminate such aloading disc as required in the conventional video tape recorder, theoverall height and width of the video tape recorder can advantageouslybe minimized.

It is an aspect of the present invention that, since both the path forthe travel of the video tape and the stroke of movement of various guidepins can advantageously be minimized, a loading mechanism can also besimplified.

It is another aspect of the present invention that, since at the timewhen a plurality of tape guides located inside the cutout area in thetape cartridge operate to draw that exposed portion of the video tapeout of the cartridge and then pull it in a lateral direction towards theguide cylinder assembly, these tape guides are guided alongsubstantially the same path, the tape guides can pass through any narrowarea easily and, therefore, an elevational space for the accommodationof the loading mechanism can be minimized.

It is a further aspect of the present invention that the tape guides ofdifferent length are mounted on pivotal arms which pivot about a commonaxle so as to expand outwardly to cause the video tape to extendgenerally M-shaped configuration with respect to the guide cylinderassembly, thereby substantially reducing the length of the generallyM-shaped tape path.

These pivotal arms are pivotally mounted on a linearly movable carriagemovable linearly in a direction laterally of the cartridge while thepivotal movement of these arms are coordinated by a suitable guide meanswith the linear movement of the carriage so as to guide the tape guidesalong their predetermined paths, and therefore, the loading procedurecan be performed in a limited available space.

It is a still further aspect of the present invention that the linearmovement of the carriage with the pivotal arms pivotally mounted thereonis effective to cause the video tape to be guided along a predeterminedpath to form the generally M-shaped tape path by means of the tapeguides mounted on the pivotal arms, thereby simplifying the loadingmechanism.

It is a still further aspect of the present invention that, when and solong as the video tape is not loaded, the tape guides are arrangedgenerally in line with each other within the cutout area in thecartridge and, when the video tape is loaded, the tape guides move outof the cutout area in the cartridge and are guided by the guide meansalong substantially the same path in a direction laterally of thecartridge. Therefore, during the formation of the M-shaped tape path,the tape guides can be passed through any narrow area and, therefore,the elevational space for the accommodation of the loading mechanism canbe minimized.

It is a still further aspect of the present invention that there isprovided guide rails for regulating the positions of the tape guidesfrom both directions for accurately guiding them during the turning ofthe video tape around the guide cylinder assembly without permittingthem to jolt during their movement. It is to be noted that these guiderail may be of one-piece construction made by molding a syntheticresinous material, and can, therefore, be formed easily in a simpleconstruction.

It is a still further aspect of the present invention that there isemployed a first guide means for drawing the tape guides out of thecutout area in the cartridge, a second guide means for guiding the tapeguides in the direction laterally of the cartridge subsequent thereto,and a third guide means for guiding them to predetermined positions, theemployment of these guide means being effective to reduce the length ofthe path for the travel of the video tape and also to simplify theloading mechanism.

It is a still further aspect of the present invention that, since aretainer for locking the tape guide has an abutment for restricting thestroke of angular movement of a pivotal member having an impedanceroller mounted thereon, and since the position of the pivotal member atwhich it is engaged with the abutment can be determined merely bypositioning the retainer, the relative positioning of the retainer andthe impedance roller can readily and easily be performed.

In addition, since the use of separate stoppers is not required, thenumber of the component parts can advantageously be minimized.

So far as this is involved, the concept of the present invention canequally be applicable to any other video tape recorder of the typewherein the cylinder assembly is located frontwardly of the cartridge.

It is a still further aspect of the present invention that, since theguide block is slidably mounted on the pivotal arm so that, by theaction of a spring resulting from the over-stroke or extra stroke of thepivotal arm relative to the retainer the guide block is urged to contactthe retainer and, at the same time, the guide block is biased towardsthe retainer by a biasing means composed of a pair of elastic tonguesspaced a predetermined angle from each other to make it possible for theguide block to be firmly locked in position in engagement with theretainer, the positioning of the tape guide relative to the guidecylinder assembly can readily and accurately be performed.

It is a still further aspect of the present invention that, since thedrawing of that portion of the video tape out of the cartridge and theformation of the predetermined path for the travel of the video tape arecarried out by angularly moving the first pivotal arm with the firsttape guide thereon to engage with the second pivotal arm and thenangularly moving the second pivotal arm with the second tape guide, noextra drive means is required to drive the second pivotal arm when thesecond tape guide is to be moved out of the cutout area in the cartridgeand, therefore, the loading mechanism for the formation of thepredetermined tape path can advantageously be simplified.

It is a yet further aspect of the present invention that, since one sideportion of the guide rail for guiding the tape guide is partly groundout so that, during the passage through the partly ground side portionof the guide rail, a guide flange member can be urged to slidinglycontact the other side portion of the guide rail by the action of a leafspring on the carriage, the tape guide can be guided across and throughany extremely narrow area and, therefore, the overall dimensions of thevideo tape recorder can advantageously be minimized.

It is a yet further aspect of the present invention that a tensioningmechanism for applying a predetermined tension to the video tape isconstituted by a tensioning lever adapted to be pivoted by arack-and-pinion arrangement and having an engagement piece looselyengaged in a slot which is defined in the pinion gear so that thetensioning lever can pivot through a predetermined distance defined bythe length of the slot, any abnormal variation in tension of the videotape being then transported would not result in the angular movement ofthe tensioning lever beyond the predetermined distance and, therefore, atension detecting pin would not excessively shift in position.

In addition, the operating position of the tension detecting pin caneasily be adjusted by adjusting the position of a stopper for regulatingthe stroke of movement of the rack. Therefore, the video tape canadvantageously be transported steadily.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other object and features of the present invention will becoaeapparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunctionwith a preferred embodiment thereof with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

FIG. 1a is a schematic perspective view of a video tape recorderaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 1b is a schematic top plan view of a video tape cartridgeutilizeable in the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of an essential portion of the recorder shownin FIG. 1;

FIG. 3a is a front elevational view with various movable parts of therecorder shown in unloading condition;

FIG. 3b is a side elevational view of the recorder shown in FIG. 3a.

FIG. 4 is an exploded view, on an enlarged scale, showing a carriageused in the recorder;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the relative position of a guideblock on a first pivotal arm relative to a first arm;

FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5, showing the relative position of aguide block on a second pivotal arm;

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the movement of the firstpivotal arm incident to the movement of the carriage from an inoperativeposition toward an operated position;

FIG. 8 is a diagram similar to FIG. 6, showing the movement of thesecond pivotal arm during the movement of the carriage from theinoperative position toward the operated position;

FIG. 9 is a diagram similar to FIG. 6, showing the movement of a thirdpivotal arm during the movement of the carriage from the inoperativeposition towards the operated position;

FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 3, showing the movable parts inloading condition;

FIG. 11 is a schematic front elevational view showing the path of travelof a video tape drawn out of a video cartridge; and

FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 11, showing the path assmed by thevideo tape during a rapid rewinding or rapid advance mode.

Before the description of the present invention proceeds, it is to benoted that like parts are designated by like reference numeralsthroughout the accompanying drawings.

DETAILED DESCRITION

Referring first to FIG. 1a there is shown a video tape recording and/orreproducing apparatus or, briefly speaking, a video tape recorder of atype operable with a video tape cassette or cartridge. The video taperecorder shown therein comprises a generally rectangular box-likecabinet C fabricated with top and bottom panels, a pair of opposite sidepanels, and front and rear panels, the top panel, the front panel andone of the side panels being identified respectively by 1, 2 and 1a, itbeing to be understood that the relative terms "front" and "rear" hereinused are in relation to the direction as viewed by the user or operatorof the video tape recorder while the latter takes a definite placementon any suitable support, for example, a table, a shelf or a televisionreceiver set. The height of the cabinet C corresponding to the spacebetween the bottom and top panels is represented by the width of therectangular front panel 2 of which longitudinal sense lies horizontally.

The front panel 2 has a cartridge holder 3 provided thereat adjacent toone side of the cabinet C or one end of the front panel 2. Thiscartridge holder 3 is supported in any known manner for pivotal movementbetween opened and closed positions with the axis of pivot extendinghorizontally along and adjacent a lower edge thereof and, when in theopened position as shown, receives the video tape cartridge 4 which hasbeen inserted thereinto from top. When in the closed position, thecartridge holder 3 has its outer surface held generally in flush withthe front panel 2.

As is well known to those skilled in the art, the cartridge 4 is of agenerally rectangular configuration having supply and take-up reels witha magnetic video tape extending therebetween and also having a cutoutfrom which a portion of the tape within the cartridge 4 is drawn out ofthe cartridge 4 and onto a cylinder or drum assembly during therecording or reproducing operation of the apparatus. This cutout isdefined along one of the opposite longer sides of the cartridge and at aportion substantially intermediately between the opposite shorter sidesof the cartridge 4.

In accordance with the present invention, the cartridge holder 3 is soshaped and so positioned as to receive therein the cartridge 4 which hasbeen inserted thereinto from top with the cutout oriented downwards. Inother words, when to place into the cartridge holder 3, one must holdthe cartridge 4 with the cutout oriented downwards and then insert itinto the cartridge holder 3 before the latter is pivoted from the openedposition towards the closed position by the application of an externalfinger pressure.

The front panel 2 has control and adjustment knobs and function metersall disposed laterally of the cartridge holder 3, i.e., at theright-hand portion of the front panel as viewed in FIG. 1, the purposeof the provision of these knobs and meters being well known to thoseskilled in the art.

The video tape recorder outlined above with reference to FIG. 1 includesa mechanism for loading and unloading the magnetic video tape one at atime, which will now be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 6.

Referring first to FIGS. 2 and 3, the loading and unloading mechanismcomprises an upright chassis S of generally rectangular configurationpositioned within the cabinet C rearwardly of the front panel 2. Thischassis S has a pair of positioning pins 5 protruding therefrom towardsthe interior of the cartridge holder 3 for engagement into correspondingpositioning holes 4b spaced apart in the cartridge 4 as shown in FIG.1a. These positioning pins 5 protrude into the respective positioningholes 4b in the cartridge 4, when the cartridge holder 4 with thecartridge 3 therein is pivoted to the closed position, to firmly holdthe cartridge 4 in position in cooperation with known abutment pins (notshown) engageable with one surface of the cartrige for avoiding anypossible rattling motion of the cartridge within the cartridge holder 3.

The upright chassis S carries such various operating components of thevideo tape recorder as take-up and supply reel supports 6 and 7engageable respectively with the take-up and supply reels in thecartridge 4; a capstan 8 which, when the cartridge holder 3 with thecartridge 4 therein is in the closed position, protrudes into the cutout4a in the cartridge 4; a capstan drive motor 9 operatively coupled tothe capstan 8 through any known drive transmission system for drivingthe capstan 8 in both directions; and a support shaft 12 on which apinch roller support lever 11 carrying a pinch roller 10 is mounted forpivotal movement between an engaged position, in which the pinch roller10 is engaged to the capstan 8 with that portion of the video tapesandwiched therebetween for transporting the video tape from the supplyreel onto the take-up reel and also from the take-up reel onto thesupply reel during the rotation of the capstan 8, and a disengagedposition in which the pinch roller 10 is separated from the capstan 8,said support lever 11 also carrying a guide pin 13 operable to avoid anypossible undesirable entanglement of the video tape being passed througha nipping area between the capstan 8 and the pinch roller 10.

The guide cylinder assembly around which that portion of the video tapedrawn out of the cartridge 4 is turned through about 180° for engagementwith a magnetic recording and/or reproducing head assembly rotatablewithin the guide cylinder assembly by a known driving mechanism, as willbe described in detail later, is mounted on the upright chassis S on onelateral side of the cartridge holder 3 with its longitudinal senseextending towards the front panel 2 and tilted a predetermined angle ina direction generally diagonally upwardly of the chassis S as shown bythe arrow in FIG. 3. This guide cylinder assembly comprises upper orrotary and lower or fixed guide cylinders 14 and 15 one behind the otherin a direction perpendicular to the chassis S and has a circular headpath which is defined between the front and rear cylinders 14 and 15 andfrom which the magnetic recording and/or reproducing head assembly isexposed to the outside of the guide cylinder assembly for engagementwith the video tape then transported therearound as is well known tothose skilled in the art. Considering the fact that, in any conventioanlvideo tape recorder of helical scan type, the video tape must, when tobe transported around the guide cylinder assembly, extend at apredetermined angle relative to the plane of rotation of the magneticrecording and/or reproducing head assembly, those skilled in the art canreadily understood the purpose for which the cylinder assembly comprisedof the upper and lower guide cylinders 14 and 15 is tilted relative tothe chassis S as hereinbefore described.

Positioned adjacent to and diagonally upward from of the guide cylinderassembly is an impedance roller 16 for applying a tension to the videotape to stabilize the latter during the movement thereof. This impedanceroller 16 is rotatably carried by a pivotable support lever 17 mountedon a shaft 18 fast with the chassis S for pivotal movement betweenoperative and inoperative positions, the support lever 17 being,however, normally biased clockwise about the shaft 18, as viewed in FIG.3, to assume the operative position by the action of a torsion spring19. The support lever 17 has a magnetic erasing head 20 rigidly mountedthereon which head 20 when operated serves to erase any recordedinformation on the video tape, and also has a fixed guide post 21rigidly mounted thereon adjacent the erasing head 20.

On one side of the guide cylinder assembly opposite to the support lever17, a magnetic recording and/or reproducing head 22 for recording orreproducing voice information and control signals on the video tape anda pair of spaced guide posts 23 and 24 on respective sides of the head22 are carried by a support block 25 which is in turn secured to thechassis S.

The chassis S has a generally L-shaped bracket 28 rigidly securedthereto and, as best shown in FIG. 2, protruding frontwardly from asubstantially intermediate portion of a lower side edge of the chassisS. This bracket 28 carries a pair of spaced guide posts 26 and 27protruding therefrom towards the upright chassis S, and also a tape endsensor 29 positioned between the guide posts 26 ahd 27, said tape endsensor 29 comprising a sensor coil housed within a cylindrical body orcasing and being operable to detect, and generate an electrical signalindicative of, the end of the video tape when the latter has completelybeen transported from the supply reel onto the take-up reel within thecartridge 4.

The loading and unloading mechanism in the embodiment of the presentinvention is featured in that all of the functions of drawing thatportion of the video tape out of the cartridge 4 in a directionlaterally of the cartridge 4 within the cartridge holder 3 in the closedposition, turning that portion of the video tape the predeterminedangle, for example, about 180°, around the guide cylinder assembly, andreleasing the video tape to allow the latter to be withdrawn into thecartridge 4 are performed by a linear reciprocal movement of a carriagehaving first, second and third arms pivotally mounted thereon. A lineardrive mechanism for reciprocately moving the carriage in a directionlengthwisely of the chassis 8 along the lower side edge thereof willfirst be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 6.

Referring particularly to FIGS. 2 to 4, the linear drive mechanismcomprises a screw shaft 30 extending horizontally along the lower sideedge of the chassis S and journalled at its opposite ends by bearings 31and 32 fast with the chassis S. This screw shaft 30 is driven about itsown longitudinal axis by means of a drive motor (not shown) carried bythe chassis S and having its drive shaft coupled to a gear 33 which isrigidly mounted on, or otherwise integrally formed with, one end of thescrew shaft 30 adjacent the bearing 31. The carriage is generallyidentified by 34 and is in the form of an elongated body of generallyrectangular cross section. As best shown in FIG. 4, the carriage 34 hasa pair of separate grooves 34a, extending lengthwise of the carriage 34along the respective opposite sides thereof, and also a helicallytoothed groove 34f of generally semicircular cross-section engageablewith the screw shaft 30 in drivingly meshed relation to said screw shaft30. The carriage 34 has a stay 34b rigidly mounted on, or otherwiseformed integrally with, the carriage 34 so as to protrude at rightangles thereto in a direction opposite to the helically toothed groove34f, and also a leaf spring 34c extending laterally of the stay 34b, thefunction of each of said stay 34b and said leaf spring 34c beingdescribed later.

The carriage 34 is supported for movement along the screw shaft 30, withthe helically toothed groove 34f drivingly meshed with the periphery ofthe the screw shaft 30, by the chassis 5 through generally plate-shapedrails 35, 36 and 37 secured to the chassis S. The rail 35 is of a lengthsufficient to extend generally over the entire length of the chassis Sand has a support edge 35a engaged in a lower groove 34a in the carriage34 for supporting the latter from below, whereas the rails 36 and 37have respective support edge 36a and 37a each engageable in the uppergroove 34a in the carriage 34 for supporting the latter from above, itbeing to be noted that the rails 36 and 37 are secured to the chassis Sin axially aligned, but spaced relation to each other with the spacetherebetween being so sized as to be smaller than the length of thecarriage 34.

From the foregoing description, it is clear that, during the rotation ofthe screw shaft 30 in one direction, the carriage 34 can move from aninoperative position towards an operated position along the screw shaft30, the rotation of the screw shaft 30 in the opposite direction,however, resulting in the reverse movement of the carriage 34 from theoperated position back towards the initial, inoperative position.

As best shown in FIG. 3, the carriage 34 carries the first, second andthird pivotal arms generally identified by 38, 39 and 40, respectively.These arms 38, 39 and 40 are pivotally mounted at one end on a supportshaft 34d, secured to and protruding from the carriage 34 on one sideopposite to the helically toothed groove 34f, in overlapping relation toeach other, the arms 38 and 40 positioned closest and remotest to thecarriage 34, respectively.

The first arm 38 is formed at its other end portion with a slot 38a anda projection 38b and carries a first slide plate 41 and a first guideblock 42. The first slide plate 41 has a bearing hole 41a and a slot 41bboth defined therein and is formed with a projection 41c. The first arm38 also carries a first guide flange member 43 positioned on one sidethereof opposite to the first slide plate 41 which is, as will bedescribed latter, positioned between the arm 38 and the first guideblock 42. The first flange member 43 is comprised of a generallysector-shaped flange 43b, a pin member 43a having one end rigidlysecured to a substantially apex portion of the flange 43b and a guideprojection 43c formed with, or otherwise rigidly secured to the flange43b on one side opposite to the pin member 43a. These elements 38, 41,42 and 43 are assembled together with the pin member 43a extendingthrough the slot 38a in the arm 38 and then through the bearing hole 41ain the slide plate 41 and finally tapped into the guide block 42. Inthis assembled condition, the projection 38b on the arm 38 protrudesinto the slot 41b in the slide plate 41. The slide plate 41 so mountedbetween the arm 38 and the guide block 42 is normally biased by a pairof tension springs 44 in a direction axially exterior to the arm 38 withthe pin member 43a and the projection 38b consequently engaged to oneends of the respective slots 38a and 41b. The first guide block 42 ispivotable relative to the slide plate 41 about the longitudinal axis ofthe pin member 43a but only through a predetermined angle which isdefined by an arcuate cutout (not shown), defined on one surface of theblock 42 facing the slide plate 41, in cooperation with the projection41c engaged in such cutout. In addition, the first guide block 42 isnormally biased by a spring 45 to a first position wherein the block 42is so engaged to the projection 41c that the first pivotal arm 38, thefirst slide plate 41 and the first guide block 42 can be integral witheach other.

The first guide block 42 has a first guide pin 51 and a first inclinedguide pin 53 both rigidly mounted thereon so as to extend outwardlytherefrom in a direction away from the arm 38, the function of each ofwhich will be described later.

The second pivotal arm 39 is similar in construction to the abovedescribed first pivotal arm 38, but has a length smaller than it.Specifically, as best shown in FIG. 4, this second pivotal arm 39 isformed at the other end portion with a slot 39a and a projection 39b andcarries a second slide plate 47 and a second guide block 48. The secondslide plate 47 is formed with a bearing hole 47a and a slot 47b and ispositioned movably between the arm 39 and the guide block 48 with a setscrew 46 passing through the slot 39a and then the bearing hole 47a andfinally tapped into the guide block 48 while the projection 39b isaccommodated within the slot 47b. The second pivotal arm 39 also has anengagement pin 39c and a second guide flange 39d, which protrude fromthe arm 39 in a direction opposite to the second guide block 48 and arelocated on respective sides of the slot 39a, and a lateral protrusion39e integrally formed with a substantially intermediate portion of thearm 39. Tension springs 49 and 50 are respectively suspended between thearm 39 and the slide plate 47 and between the arm 39 and the carriage 34and, accordingly, in a normal condition, the arm 39, the slide plate 47and the guide block 48 are integral with each other and are engaged tothe first pivotal arm 38.

In a manner similar to the guide block 42 on the first pivotal arm 38,the second guide block 48 also has a second guide pin 52 and a secondinclined guide pin 54 both rigidly mounted thereon so as to extendoutwardly therefrom in a direction away from the arm 39. It is to benoted that these guide pins 51, 52, 53 and 54 form respective parts ofmeans for defining the path of movement of the video tape as will becomeclear from the subsequent description.

The third pivotal arm 40 is simple in construction as compared with thefirst and second pivotal arms 38 and 39 and has a length smaller thanany one of them. This arm 40 is formed at the other end portion with athird guide pin 55, forming another part of the tape path definingmeans, with a roller 40b positioned between the arm and the guide pin 55in coaxial relation with the latter and is also formed at asubstantially intermediate portion thereof with an engagement pin 40a, atorsion spring 56 being disposed between said engagement pin 40a and thesupport shaft 34d on the carriage 34.

Hereinafter, a guiding mechanism for guiding the first to third pivotalarms 38, 39 and 40 from an unloading position to a loading position willbe described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the guiding mechanism comprises first,second, third and fourth guide plates 57, 59, 60 and 61 and first andsecond grooved guide rails 62 and 63, all rigidly carried by the chassisS. Specifically, the first guide plate 57 is of a generally L-shapedconfiguration having one side edge, rigidly secured to the lower edge ofthe chassis S, and the other side edge formed with first and second camedges 57a and 57b continued to each other. These cam edges 57a and 57bare so positioned as to support the third pivotal arm 40 from below incontact with the engagement pin 40a and are so shaped as to guide thethird guide pin 55 out of the cutout 4a in the cartridge 4 and into apredetermined path as the carriage 34 moves from the inoperativeposition towards the operated position. The first guide plate 57 has atape end sensor 58 mounted thereon so as to protrude frontwardly, saidsensor 58 being operable to detect the end of the video tape when thelatter has completely been rewound from the take-up reel to the supplyreel in the cartridge 4.

The second guide plate 59 is secured to the chassis S through a capstanbearing plate and is formed with a detent recess 59a and a third camedge 59b continued to the detent recess 59a. The detent recess 59a andthe third cam edge 59b are so positioned and so shaped as to receive theengagement pin 39c on the second pivotal arm 39 and also as to guide thesecond guide block 48 out of the cutout 4a in the cartridge 4 and into apredetermined path as the carriage 34 moves from the inoperativeposition towards the operated position.

The third guide plate 60 is rigidly mounted on a horizontally lyingportion of the L-shaped first guide plate 57 and is so shaped and sooperated as to guide the second pivotal arm 39 continuously along thepredetermined path in sliding contact with the lateral projection 39e inthe arm 39 after the engagement pin 39c on the arm has disengaged fromthe second guide plate 59.

The fourth guide plate 61 is rigidly mounted on the fixed guide post 24on the head support block 25 and is so positioned and so shaped as toengage with the roller 40b on the third pivotal arm 40 shortly beforethe completion of the loading and then guide the arm 40 to anend-of-the-loading position.

The first grooved guide rail 62 extends generally in the shape of afigure "V" for guiding the first pivotal arm 38 from an unloadingposition to an end-of-the-loading position and is comprised of an innerwall 62a extending continuously between the unloading andend-of-the-loading positions for the first pivotal arm 38, a first outerwall 62b spaced from the inner wall 62a and extending from the unloadingposition to a substantially intermediate position which corresponds inposition to the bottom of the figure "V" of the shape of the firstgrooved guide rail 62, and a second outer wall 62c spaced from the innerwall 62a and extending from said intermediate position to theend-of-the-loading position for the arm 38, said first and second outerwalls 62b and 62c being spaced from each other at said intermediateposition. This guide rail 62 is so designed and so shaped that, duringthe movement of the first pivotal arm 38 from the unloading position tothe intermediate position, the walls 62a and 62b cooperate with eachother to control the movement of the guide protrusion 43c on the firstflange member 43 in a direction parallel to the plane of the chassis Swhereas, during the movement through a predetermined distance from theintermediate position, the guide protrusion 43c is so controlled inposition as to contact the inner wall 62a under pressure by the actionof the leaf spring 34c on the carriage 34. Starting from a positionspaced the predetermined distance from the above described intermediateposition and up until the end-of-the-loading position, the second outerwall 62c is operable to hold the sector-shaped flange 43b of the firstflange member 43 slidingly between it and the inner wall 62a forcontrolling the movement of said flange 43b in a direction generallyperpendicular to a chassis and, at the same time, the inner wall 62a anda portion of the second outer wall 62c cooperate with each other tocontrol in position the guide protrusion 43c in a direction parallel tothe plane of the chassis.

The second guide rail 63 operable to guide the second pivotal arm 39from a position shortly before the end-of-the-loading position to theend-of-the-loading position is formed by a guide groove 62a extendingtherein and guiding the second flange member 39d on the second pivotalarm 39 so that the position and movement of second pivotal arm 39 can becontrolled.

The loading and unloading mechanism also comprises first and secondretainers for locking the first and second pivotal arms 38 and 39 at theend-of-the-loading positions, respectively, and a tape tensioningmechanism. In the first place, the first and second retainers will bedescribed with particular reference to FIGS. 2, 5 and 6.

The first retainer is generally identified by 64 and is positionedadjacent one end of the first grooved guide rail 62 substantially abovethe guide cylinder assembly for engagement with the first guide block 42on the first pivotal arm 38 to lock the latter at the end-of-the-loadingposition. This first retainer 64 is, as best shown in FIG. 5, ofone-piece construction formed with a first fixing finger 64c, which hasdefined therein a generally V-shaped notch 64a engageable with one sideedge of the first guide block 42 and an abutment 64b engageable with oneend of the pivotable support lever 17 for controlling the pivotalmovement of said lever 17, a second fixing finger 64e, which has definedtherein a notch 64d for receiving therein the engagement pin 43a on thefirst flange member 43, and nipping fingers 64f for holding therebetweena lateral projection 42a fast or integral with the first guide block 42on the first pivotal arm 38.

The second retainer is generally identified by 65 and is positionedadjacent an upper end of the second guide rail 63 for engagement withthe second guide block 48 on the second pivotal arm 39 to lock thelatter at the end-of-the-loading position. As best shown in FIG. 6, thesecond retainer 65 is comprised of a pair of spaced fixing pieces 65b,each having defined therein a generally V-shaped notch 65a forengagement with one side of the second guide block 48, and a nippingfinger 65c cooperable with one of the fixing pieces 65b to holdtherebetween a lateral projection 48a fast or integral with the secondguide block 48. Disposed adjacent the second retainer 65 is a leafspring assembly 66 of a configuration similar to the shape of a figure"α" mounted rotatably on a support shaft 66c. This spring assembly 66has a pair of tongues 66a and 66b extending radially outward from thesupport shaft 66c and spaced a predetermined angle from each other aboutthe longitudinal axis of the support shaft 66c. This leaf springassembly 66 is normally biased by a torsion spring in a counterclockwisedirection with the first tongue 66a consequently held in positionprojecting outwardly from the notches 65a.

The tape tensioning mechanism will now be described with reference toFIGS. 2 and 3. This tensioning mechanism comprises a rack 67 having anaxially extending slot 67a and is movably supported by the chassis S bymeans of a support pin 68 for movement in a direction parallel to thescrew shaft 30. This rack 67 has an engagement piece 67b provided at aleft-hand end of the rack 67 and engageble with a projection 34e fastwith the carriage 34. Cooperable with this rack 67 is a pinion gear 70rotatably mounted on a shaft 71 and meshed thereto, said pinion gear 70having an arcuate slot 70a defined therein. The pinion gear 70 has acoaxial pulley 70b formed integrally therewith and is normally biasedcounterclockwise about the shaft 71 by the action of a tension spring 72suspended between it and the chassis S and, accordingly, the rack 67 isalso normally biased in a right-hand direction. The tensioning mechanismalso comprises a tensioning lever 73 of generally U-shaped configurationpivotally mounted on the shaft 71 on one side of the pinion gear 70opposite to the chassis S and having a tensioning pin 73a protrudingfrontwardly from one end thereof remote from the shaft 71. Thistensioning lever 73 also has a bent piece 73b bent to protrude towardsthe chassis S and loosely engaged in the arcuate slot 70a in the piniongear 70, and is normally biased couterclockwise about the shaft 71 bythe action of a tension spring 74 suspended between the lever 73 and thepinion gear 70.

For detecting the position of the tensioning lever 73 about the shaft71, a photoelectrical position detector 75 is employed. This detector 75comprises any known photocoupler and is so designed as to generate anoutput signal indicative of the intensity of light sensed thereby, saidsensed light intensity being variable with the position of thetensioning lever 73. The output signal from the position detector 75 isused to control the drive motor (not shown) for driving the supply reelsupport 7 in dependence on the sensed light intensity for the purpose ofapplying an adequate tension to the video tape by means of thetensioning pin 73a in a manner as will be described later. It is to benoted that reference numeral 76 represents a stopper secured to thechassis S for defining a right-hand position for the movement of therack 67.

The tape path defining means referred to hereinbefore also includes, inaddition to the elements hereinbefore described, a pivotal lever 77pivotally supported by the chassis S by means of a shaft 78 and normallybiased counterclockwise about the shaft 78 by the action of a spring 79.This pivotal lever 77 carries a fourth guide pin 80 mounted on the freeend portion of the lever 77 with a roller 77a coaxially positionedbetween it and the guide pin 80 for sliding engagement with a lateralside of the third pivotal arm 40. The counterclockwise rotation of thispivotal lever 77 biased by the spring 79 is restricted by a stopper 81secured to the chassis S. Motors M₁ to M₄ are provides to adapt to drivethe above respective mechanism in a known manner.

While the loading and unloading mechanism is constructed as hereinbeforedescribed, the operation thereof will now be described with reference toFIGS. 3 and 7 to 11.

When and so long as the cartridge 4 is mounted i.e., during theunloading condition, as shown in FIG. 3, the carriage 34 is held at theinoperative position. At this time, the first pivotal arm 38 is held ata starting point of the first grooved guide rail 62 adjacent the secondguide plate 59, the second pivotal arm 39 is held in position with theengagement pin 39c engaged in the notch 59a in the guide plate 59, andthe third pivotal arm 40 is held in position with the engagement pin 40ain contact with one of the opposite extremities of the first cam edge57a opposite to the second cam edge 57b. In addition, the pivotal lever77 is held in position with the roller 77a engaged to the lateral sideof the third pivotal arm 40 adjacent the free end thereof, and thetensioning lever 73 is pivoted clockwise about the shaft 77 by thereason that the rack 67 is held at the left-hand position as shown.

In view of the above, all of the capstan 8, the first and second guideblocks 42 and 48, the third guide pin 55, the tensioning pin 73a and thefourth guide pin 80 project into the cutout 4a in the cartridge in arow, while the pinch roller support lever 11 is held in abutment withthe first guide plate 57, having been pivoted couterclockwise about thesupport shaft 12 and, consequently, the pinch roller 10 on the lever 11is spaced from the capstan 8.

Assuming that a cartridge detection switch (not shown) is subsequentlyclosed, the drive motor (not shown) is driven to rotate the screw shaft30 in one direction, thereby moving the carriage 34 from the inoperativeposition towards the operated position along the rails 35, 36 and 37with the first to third pivotal arms 38, 39 and 40 consequently pivotedin the following manner. At the same time, the upper or rotary guidecylinder 14 of the guide cylinder assembly is driven in acounterclockwise direction about the longitudinal axis of said guidecylinder assembly.

As the carriage 34 moves from the inoperative position towards theoperated position, as best shown in FIG. 7, the first pivotal arm 38pivots clockwise about the shaft 34d through a predetermined angle withits free end guided diagonally downward, as viewed in FIG. 7, along thefirst grooved guide rail 62 and, accordingly, the first guide block 42separates away from the cutout 4a in the cartridge 4 with the firstguide pin 53 drawing out of the cartridge 4 a portion of the video tapetraversing across the cutout 4a of the cartridge 4. After the firstpivotal arm 38 has been pivoted through the predetermined angle with itsfree end arriving at the substantially intermediate portion of the guiderail 62 which corresponds in position to the bottom of the figure "V",the arm 38 contacts the leaf spring 34c on the carriage 34 and is,therefore, upwardly urged by the spring 34c to contact the inner wall62a of the guide rail 62 under pressure, the guide block 42 on the arm38 being consequently guided to pass through a narrow space between theintermediate guide pins 26 and 27. Thereafter, during the continuedmovement of the carriage 34 towards the operated position with the firstflange member 43 guided between the inner and outer walls 62a and 62c ofthe first grooved guide rail 62, the arm 38 pivots counterclockwiseabout the shaft 34 with its free end moving upwards through a spacebetween the chassis S and the rear or fixed guide cylinder 15, and thefirst guide block 42 on the arm 38 is subsequently engaged in the notch64a in the first retainer 64. Shortly before the arrival at theend-of-the-loading position, although the free end of the arm 38 tendsto move further upwardly, accompanied by the continued movement of thecarriage 34 towards the operated position, the first slide plate 41 onthe arm 38 is forced to slide axially inwardly of the arm 38 togetherwith the first guide block 42 and, accordingly, no change in positionoccur in the guide block 42. When the drive to the drive motor (notshown) is interrupted by a detection switch (not shown) at the time ofor in response to the arrival of the carriage 34 at the operatedposition, the carriage 34 is brought to a halt and the first pivotal arm38 is also brought to a halt having a predetermined extra strokerelative to the first retainer 64. Thus, at the time of the arrival ofthe carriage 34 at the operated position, the first guide block 42 isheld in position in control with the first retainer by the action of thesprings 44.

While the first pivotal arm 38 moves in the above described manner, thesecond and third pivotal arms 39 and 40 move in respective manner asbest shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.

As shown in FIG. 8, as the carriage 34 moves from the inoperativeposition in the manner as hereinbefore described, the second pivotal arm39 pivots clockwise about the shaft 34d by the action of the tensionspring 50 with the engagement pin 39c thereon disengaging from thedetent recess 59a in the second guide plate 59 and then sliding on thecam edge 59b, the second guide block 48 on the arm 39 consequentlyseparating away from the cutout 4a in the cartridge 4 with the secondguide pin 52 drawing that portion of the video tape out of the cartridge4 in cooperation with the first guide pin 51. Simultaneously with thesubsequent disengagement of the engagement pin 39c from the cam edge 59bin the second guide plate 59 the lateral protrusion 39e of the arm 39 isbrought into contact with the third guide plate 60 and, thereafter, thesecond guide block 48 descends towards a narrow area by the effect ofthe continued linear movement. When and after the lateral protrusion 39ehas disengaged from the third guide plate 60, the arm 39 is engaged tothe stay 34b on the carriage 34 and moves together with the carriage 34in a rightward direction with the second guide block 48 depicting thetrace of movement which is generally parallel to the direction ofmovement of the carriage 34. During this movement, the first and secondpivotal arms 38 and 39 expand relative to each other, having pivotedabout the same shaft 34d on the carriage 34. As the carriage 34approaches the operated position, the second pivotal arm 39 is caused topivot couterclockwise about the shaft 34d with its free end deflected incontact with the second guide rail 63 so as to move generally upwardsalong the guide rail 63 towards the second retainer 65. At this time, agenerally intermediate portion of the arm 39 moves into the spacebetween the chassis S and the lower or fixed guide cylinder 15. Shortlybefore the second guide block 48 on the arm 39 is engaged to the secondretainer 65, the tongue 66a of the torsion spring assembly 66 best shownin FIG. 6 is pressed by the second guide block 48 with the springassembly 66 consequently pivoted counterclockwise about the shaft 66c.When the second guide block 48 is subsequently engaged in the notches65a in the second retainer 65 the tongue 66b of the spring assembly 66so pivoted counterclockwise as hereinabove described serves to press thesecond guide block 48 into the notches 65a. Upon the arrival of thecarriage 34 at the operated position, the arm 39 is brought to a halt,having a predetermined extra stroke relative to the second retainer 65.Thus, at the time of the arrival of the carriage 34 at the operatedposition, the second guide block 48 on the arm 39 is urged to the secondretainer 65 by the action of the spring 49.

It is to be noted that, although the extra stroke for the second pivotalarm 39 is somewhat smaller than that for the first pivotal arm 38 and,therefore, the contact pressure is small, the torsion spring assembly 66serves to give a sufficient contact pressure necessary to lock thesecond guide block 48 in position.

From the foregoing, it will readily be understood that the relativeexpanding motion of the first and second pivotal arms 38 and 39 iseffective to turn that portion of the video tape, drawn out of thecartridge 4, around the guide cylinder assembly through thepredetermined angle, for example, about 180°. However, since theengagement between the arm 38 and the first retainer 64 has been made totake place earlier than the engagement between the arm 39 and the secondretainer 65, that portion of the video tape can be turned around theguide cylinder assembly gradually from one side adjacent the first guideblock 42 to the other side adjacent the second guide block 48 in thesame direction as the direction of rotation of the front or rotary guidecylinder 14. Therefore, that portion of the video tape can smoothly beturned around the guide cylinder by the relative expanding motion of thefirst and second pivotal arms 38 and 39.

Referring now to FIG. 9, the third pivotal arm 40 urged clockwise aboutthe shaft 34d by the torsion spring 56 with the engagement pin 40aresting on the first guide plate 57 is, as the carriage 34 moves fromthe inoperative position towards the operated position, pivoted furtherclockwise while the pin 40a is guided along the first cam edge 57a andthen the second cam edge 57b. During this pivotal movement of the arm40, the third guide pin 55 on the arm 40 draws that portion of the videotape out of the cartridge 4 in a manner similar to the first and secondguide pins 51 and 52, depicting a trace of movement generally similar tothat of the first and second guide blocks 42 and 48. Subsequent to thedisengagement of the engagement pin 40a from the guide plate 57, the arm40 biased by the torsion spring 56 with its free end portion engaged tothe stay 34b on the carriage 34 in a manner similar to the secondpivotal arm 39 moves rightwards together with the carriage 34 beingmoved towards the operated position. As soon as the roller 40b on thearm 40 engages the fourth guide plate 61, the arm 40 is pivoted acertain angle in a couterclockwise direction against the spring 56 withthe roller 40b guided upwardly by the guide plate 61, thereby separatingaway from the second pivotal arm 39 as can readily be understood fromthe comparison of FIG. 9 with FIG. 8 and as shown in FIG. 10. At thetime of the arrival of the carriage 34 at the operated position, the arm40 is locked in position with the roller 40b resting on the guide plateunder pressure as biased by the torsion spring 56. Therefore, as shownin FIG. 11, another portion of the video tape extending between theguide pin 52 and the guide pin 55 is urged to contact the magnetic head22 and also the guide posts 23 and 24 on respective sides of themagnetic head 22.

In addition, incident to the movement of the carriage 34 as shown inFIG. 10, since the rack 67 is permitted to slide rightwards, the piniongear 70 biased by the spring 72 is rotated couterclockwise to cause therack 67 to slide rightwards. As a result thereof, the tensioning lever73 biased couterclockwise pivots in the same direction. Accordingly, thetensioning pin 73a on the tensioning lever 73 draws that portion of thevideo tape out of the cartridge 4 through the cutout 4a in advance ofthe first and second guide block 42 and 48 and also of the third guidepin 55 and subsequently causes that portion of the video tape to beturned around the intermediate guide pins 26 and 27 after having passedthrough the previously described narrow area as shown in FIG. 11.Further, when the rack 67 being in a sliding motion subsequently abutsthe stopper 76, the engagement thereof with the carriage 34 is released.Thereafter, the tensioning pin 73a is engaged to the position detector75 and moves about the shaft 71 through the predetermined angledetermined by the arcuate slot 70a in the pinion gear 70, in which thebent piece 73b is loosely engaged, thereby to detect the tension of thevideo tape.

Although the fourth guide pin 80 on the pivotal lever 77 is situatedwithin the cutout 4a in the cartridge 4 in view of the fact that theroller 77a on the same lever 77 is engaged to the lateral side of thethird pivotal arm 40 by the action of the spring 79, the pivotal lever77 pivots with the roller 77a guided by and in contact with the lateralside of the pivotal arm 40 during the pivotal movement of the arm 40,with the fourth guide pin 80 consequently drawing that portion of thevideo tape out of the cartridge 4 through the cutout 4a. After theroller 77a has subsequently disengaged from the lateral side of thethird pivotal arm 40 the pivotal lever 77 is brought into engagementwith the stopper 81 and held in position in contact therewith.

Shortly before the completion of the loading, the pinch roller supportlever 11 is pivoted counterclockwise about the shaft 12 by the actuator(not shown) with the pinch roller 10 consequently pressed against thecapstan 8 with the video tape sandwiched therebetween.

At the time the loading has completed in the manner as hereinbeforedescribed, as best shown in FIG. 10, the first pivotal arm 38 extendsgenerally vertically having passed across the space between the chassisS and the rear or fixed guide cylinder 15, the third pivotal arm 40extends generally horizontally and generally in parallel relation to thescrew shaft 30, and the second pivotal arm 39 extends diagonally upwardsand generally intermediately between the first and third pivotal arms 38and 40. The shaft 34d about which all of the first to third pivotal arms38 to 40 are pivotable is located at a position below the guide cylinderassembly and on one side of the longitudinal axis of the guide cylinderassembly adjacent the cartridge 4 or the pinion gear 70, such that theintermediate or center point of the length of the video tape turnedaround the guide cylinder assembly is positioned on one side adjacentthe cartridge 4 or the pinion gear 70 with respect to the imaginary linedrawn across the longitudinal axis of the guide cylinder assembly atright angles to the screw shaft 30. Thus, it will readily be seen thatthat portion of the video tape drawn out of the cartridge 4 through thecutout 4a in the manner as hereinbefore described extends in a manner asbest shown in FIG. 11. Specifically, that portion of the video tapedrawn out of the cartridge 4 extends from the supply reel back to thetake-up reel having first deflected about 180° by the intermediate guideposts 26 and 27 so as to extend backwardly and on one side laterallyexteriorly of the cartridge 4, turned around the tensioning pin 73a soas to contact sequentially the erasing head 20 and the impedance roller16, again turned around the guide pin 51 and then the inclined guide pin53 so as to encircle the guide cylinder assembly, further turned aroundthe inclined guide pin 54 and then the guide pin 52 so as to deflectbackwards to contact the head 22 and subsequently around the guide pin55 so as to extend generally in parallel to the screw shaft 30 andfinally through the nipping area between the capstan 8 and the pinchroller 10 after having been deflected in contact with the guide pin 80.

It is to be noted that, since the impedance roller support lever 17 isengaged to the abutment 64b of the first retainer 64, it does notcontact the guide cylinder assembly. It is also to be noted the guidepins 53 and 54 respectively on the first and second guide blocks 42 and48 are so inclined that a portion of the video tape turned about 180°around the guide cylinder assembly can extend at the predetermined anglerelative to the plane of rotation of the rotary head assembly within theguide cylinder assembly as can be readily understood by those skilled inthe art and as is the case with the conventional video tape recorder ofhelical scan type. Further, as shown in FIG. 11, the intermediate pointof the portion of video tape which is turned around the guide cylinderassembly is spaced smaller distance from the cartridge than the distancebetween the cartridge and the longitudinal axis of the guide cylinderassembly.

Thus, when a recording or reproducing manipulation is performed duringthe loading condition, the capstan 8, the take-up reel support 6 and thesupply reel support 7 are both driven in one respective direction withthe tape consequently transferred and the rotary head assembly withinthe guide cylinder assembly records or reproduces information on thevideo tape. However, if a rapid advance or rapid rewind manipulation isperformed, the drive motor (not shown) is driven in the reverse, oropposite, direction and the carriage 34 is moved back from the operatedposition to such a position shown in FIG. 11, i.e., the positionsufficient to allow that portion of the video tape, which has beenturned around the guide cylinder assembly, to separate therefrom,whereby the rapid advance or the rapid rewinding of the video tape takesplace with the path of travel of the video tape having been shortened asshown in FIG. 12. When the recording or reproducing manipulation isagain performed, the previously described loading condition is resumed.

When an unloading manipulation is performed starting from the loadingcondition, that portion of the video tape drawn out of the cartridge 4can be retracted into the cartridge 4 with the various movable elementsoperating in a manner reverse to that hereinbefore described.

Although the present invention has fully been described in connectionwith the preferred embodiment thereof with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modification areapparent to those skilled in the art. By way of example, although in theforegoing embodiment the turning of the video tape around the guidecylinder assembly has been described as performed by the first andsecond pivotal arms carrying the respective guide pins, the drive of thevarious tape guides may be effected by the use of wires or chains whilethey may be guided by a suitable guiding means.

In addition, the first guide rail has been described as shaped so as tocontrol the position of the guide block in one direction during themovement from the starting position to the intermediate position and asto control it in both direction during the movement from theintermediate position to the end-of-the-loading position. This isbecause during the latter movement a highly accurate positioning in adirection perpendicular to the chassis is required for that portion ofthe video tape to be turned around the guide cylinder assembly whereas,during the former movement, the highly accurate positioning in thedirection perpendicular to the chassis is not required so much. However,the portion of the first guide rail in which the former movement takesplace may be shaped as to control it in both direction to effect ahighly accurate guidance of the guide block.

An impedance roller similar to the impedance roller referred tohereinbefore may be positioned adjacent the second guide block and, insuch case, the video tape can highly be stabilized during its movement.

Yet, a pressure applying member similar in function to the generallyα-shaped torsion spring assembly for the second guide block may also beemployed for the first guide block to enable the latter to be firmlylocked in position in engagement with the first retainer.

Accordingly, such changes and modification as are to be understood asincluded within the turn scope of the present invention unless theydepart therefrom.

What is claimed is:
 1. A video tape recorder of a type wherein a portionof a video tape exposed to the outside of an elongated rectangular videocartridge through a cutout in the cartridge is drawn out of thecartridge and in a lengthwise or major dimensional direction withrespect to the cartridge towards a guide cylinder assembly, which isspaced from a side of said cartridge in the lengthwise directionthereof, for turning it therearound through a predetermined angle, whichcomprises a pair of tape guide means which are situated within thecutout in the cartridge when the tape is not loaded and which, when thetape is loaded, is operable to draw at least said portion of the videotape in said lengthwise direction with respect to the cartridge and turnit around the guide cylinder assembly through the predetermined angle.2. A video tape recorder as claimed in claim 1, wherein an intermediatepoint of the length of the portion of the video tape which is turnedaround the guide cylinder assembly is spaced a smaller distance from thecartridge than the distance between the cartridge and the longitudinalaxis of the guide cylinder assembly.
 3. The video tape recorder of claim1, wherein said cartridge is loaded from a front panel of the video taperecorer such that in loaded position the cartridge stands upright withits lengthwise direction generally horizontal and the cutout in thecartridge facing downwardly, and wherein the guide cylinder assemblydoes not extend below a level even with the lowest edge of thecartridge.
 4. A video tape recorder of a type wherein a portion of thevideo tape exposed to the outside of an elongated rectangular videocartridge through a cutout in the cartridge is drawn out of thecartridge and in a lengthwise or major dimension direction with respectto the cartridge towards a guide cylinder assembly, which is spaced froma side of said cartridge in the lengthwise direction thereof for turningit theraround through a predetermined angle, which comprises at leastfirst, second and third tape guides for drawing at least said portion ofthe video tape out of the cartridge, and first, second and third pivotalarms on which said first, second and third tape guides are mounted,respectively, all of said tape guides being positioned within the cutoutin the cartridge when the video tape is not loaded, said first andsecond pivotal arms being, when the video tape is loaded, operable toturn at least said portion of the video tape around the guide cylinderassembly through the predetermined angle by being spaced apart from eachother around said guide cylinder assembly, said third pivotal arm beingspaced apart from said second pivotal arm, opposite said first pivotalarm to define the path of travel of the video tape.
 5. The video taperecorder of claim 4, wherein said cartridge is loaded from a front panelof the video tape recorder such that in loaded position the cartridgestands upright with its lengthwise direction generally horizontal andthe cutout in the cartridge facing downwardly, and wherein the guidecylinder assembly does not extend below a level even with the lowestedge of the cartridge.
 6. A video tape recorder of a type wherein aportion of the video tape exposed to the outside of an elongatedrectangular video cartridge through a cutout in the cartridge is drawnout of the cartridge and in a lengthwise or major dimensional directionwith respect to the cartridge towards a guide cylinder assembly, whichis spaced from a side of said cartridge in the lengthwise directionthereof, for turning it therearound through a predetermined angle, whichcomprises a guiding means for, when the video is not loaded, positioninga plurality of tape guides within the cutout in the cartridge in linewith each other, said guiding means being, when the video tape isloaded, operable for guiding at least some of the tape guides along thesame path so as to draw at least said portion of the video tape out ofthe cartridge and also to guide it in said lengthwise direction withrespect to the cartridge and turn it around said guide cylinder assemblythrough said predetermined angle.
 7. The video tape recorder of claim 6,wherein said cartridge is loaded from a front panel of the video taperecorder such that in loaded position the cartridge stands upright withits lengthwise direction generally horizontal and the cutout in thecartridge facing downwardly, and wherein the guide cylinder assemblydoes not extend below a level even with the lowest edge of thecartridge.
 8. A video tape recorder of a type wherein a portion of thevideo tape exposed to the outside of an elongated rectangular videocartridge through a cutout in the cartridge is drawn out of thecartridge and in a lengthwise or major dimensional direction withrespect to the cartridge towards a guide cylinder assembly, which isspaced from a side of said cartridge in the lengthwise direction thereofor turning it therearound through a predetermined angle, which comprisesa tape guide for drawing at least said portion of the video tape out ofthe cartridge, a carriage means movable in a direction substantiallyparallel to said lengthwise direction for supporting the tape guide, aguided member provided integrally with said tape guide, and a guide railto which said guided member is engaged for regulating the movement ofthe tape guide with respect to two directions perpendicular to thedirection of movement of the carriage means.
 9. The video tape recorderof claim 8, wherein said cartridge is loaded from a front panel of thevideo tape recorder such that in loaded position the cartridge standsupright with its lengthwise direction generally horizontal and thecutout in the cartridge facing downwardly, and wherein the guidecylinder assembly does not extend below a level even with the lowestedge of the cartridge.
 10. A tape guide retaining mechanism whichcomprises a tape guide movable for drawing a portion of a video tape outof a video cartridge and turning it around a guide cylinder assemblythrough a predetermined angle, a guide block supporting the tape guidethereon, a retainer engageable with the guide block to lock the latterat a predetermined position, and a pressure applying member having firstand second tongues and pivotally mounted adjacent to the retainer and abiasing member integral therewith so that when a force is imported tothe first tongue in a predetermined direction, the second tongue is alsobiased in said predetermined direction, whereby when the tape is loaded,said guide block is engaged with said retainer and, at the same time,said guide block contacts the first tongue to rotate the pressureapplying member with the second tongue contacting the guide block underpressure.
 11. The tape guide retaining mechanism of claim 10, whereinsaid pressure applying member is independent from said retainer.